\\..&& = article title
<<..>> = subheads
{..} = italics
* = bullet (except for two in calendar)
Except for old header text, all mandatory returns, both and
,
are done with double carriage returns.
AdaIC News to go electronic-only
AdaIC News
Fall 1997
Ada Information Clearinghouse
The Official Source for Ada Information
Vol. XV, No. 2
ISSN 1064-1505
No Charge
AdaIC
Sponsored by the Ada Joint Program Office and operated by IIT Research
Institute
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
\\In This Issue&&
URL -- http://sw-eng.falls-church.va.us/
* Paige Memo Gives Guidance -- Transitioning to engineering-review
process, p. 2
* Ada 95 Java demo -- distributed processing on the Web, p. 4
* Guide to the COE -- plug and play for the warfighter, p. 6
* Usage and reader surveys -- Let us know what you're doing and what
you think! pp. 11 & 12
\\Ada 95: More Platforms, More Vendors, More Choices, and More on the
Way&&
\\14 Vendors, 87 Compilers on Major Systems&&
When the Ada Joint Program Office (AJPO) first considered the
transition to Ada 95, it concluded that it was vital for the most
widely used platforms to get validated support as early as possible.
To a significant extent, that was accomplished last year. By the
spring of 1996, five vendors had validated 14 compilers -- covering
the Patriot missile system, and major platforms from Digital Equipment
Corp., Silicon Graphics, Inc., Hewlett-Packard, Windows NT and 95, and
the IBM RS/6000.
Since then, those five vendors and 9 others coming on board have been
working to spread the range of hosts and targets, and to increase the
choices available for important platforms.
By the summer of 1997, the number of vendors had grown to 14, and they
were offering 87 validated compilers. The vendors are listed in Table
1; as you can see in Figure 1, much of the increase reflects a greater
range of options in popular host platform families, with 18 compilers
for PC/80x86 platforms and 34 for Sun platforms. Additionally, there
is now a validated compiler hosted on the Macintosh.
Coverage has also increased for targets (Table 2): supported platforms
now include Motorola MVME chips, Lockheed Martin RAD 6000, Siemens
Nixdorf RM 200 processors, and a number of simulators.
<>
Strictly speaking, compiler validation is necessary only for producing
the executable code that will be fielded in a DOD project. For those
of you doing work on your own, or preliminary work prior to producing
fielded code, there's always been the freely available GNU Ada 95
Translator (the GNAT compiler) and it has been ported to several
platforms. (See Table 3 for list of GNAT's known ports.)
Also, the Public Ada Library includes the AVLAda9X Ada 95 compiler for
MS-DOS. The Ada Information Clearinghouse -- 800/232-4211 -- can give
you information on obtaining these compilers.
<
>
On which platforms are compilers hosted?
DEC 8
IBM 4
Macintosh 1
Motorola 1
PowerMaxion 2
Siemens Nixdorf 1
SGI 7
Sun 34
<
>
For which platforms are compilers targeted?
DEC 6
HP 10
Heurikon 6
IBM 4
LockMar RAD6000 2
Macintosh 1
Motorola 14
PC/80x86 15
PowerMaxion 2
PowerStack 1
Raytheon EWCC 1
SGI 7
Siemens Nixdorf 1
Simulators 4
Sun 14
<
>
Where has the GNU Ada 95 Translator (GNAT) compiler been ported?
NOTE: Not all are validated
Alpha Digital Unix 4.x
Alpha OpenVMS 7.x
Alpha Windows NT
HP HPUX 10.x
SGI IRIX
SNI Sinix
Sparc Solaris
Sparc SunOS 4.1.x
PowerPC AIX 4.x
PowerPC MachTen
80x86 Linux
80x86 Windows 95
80x86 Windows NT
80x86 IBM OS/2
80x86 DOS
80x86 Solaris 2.5.1
80x86 SCO UNIX
80x86 FreeBSD
80x86 NetBSD
80x86 Nextstep
DECstation Ultrix
m68k Nextstep
m68k SunOS
m68k MachTen
m68k Amiga DOS
{cross compiler (bare machine) targets:}
ERC32 Sparc V7 / RTEMS
PowerPC / RTEMS
1750a
i960 VxWorks
m68k VxWorks
\\70 Organizations Offering 100 Tools&&
Searching for an Ada binding? Or perhaps an Ada 95 development
environment that will run under Windows 95? The Ada Information
Clearinghouse (AdaIC) Products and Tools database is a good place to
begin your search. The AdaIC has maintained an on-line catalog of Ada
products and tools on the AdaIC Internet site for several years. This
database can be accessed through the World Wide Web at
http://archive.adaic.com/tools.
<<80% more than last year>>
There are currently over 100 tools, compilers, and bindings listed for
Ada 95 in the AdaIC's Products and Tools database. This represents an
80% increase over the past year, providing further evidence of the
growth of the Ada 95 market. These tools were developed by over 70
companies, organizations, and universities located in the United
States and abroad.
Items listed in the database include products and tools used
throughout a typical Ada development lifecycle. They are grouped in
three main categories: implementation tools -- which include
development environments, metric analyzers, bindings, and code
translators; analysis and design tools -- which include database
modeling, design analysis, and requirement tracing; and
maintenance-support tools -- which include configuration-management
and maintenance-analysis tools.
You can conduct a specialized search for the various products and
tools through any of these categories. A search can also be conducted
by vendor name or product name. In addition, the database entries
will link you to vendor Web sites and to more detailed product
descriptions when available.
<>
Table 1 provides a breakdown by category of the number of products and
tools currently listed in the AdaIC's Products and Tools Database.
As you can see from the Table, the database lists a large number of
development environments (which include editor, debuggers, compilers);
bindings and repositories are also well represented. Many tools have
more than one application since developers have created products that
include several tools in one package.
Several of the tools listed in the database can be downloaded through
the AdaIC. Among these tools are Ada 95 bindings for POSIX, OS/2 API,
DCE, and Win32, and development-environment tools such as the Ada
Compiler Evaluation System (ACES) and WebAda.
<>
If you are searching for a particular product or tool and you cannot
locate it in the AdaIC's Products and Tools database, please contact
the AdaIC and we will try to find out if it exists in the marketplace
or if one is under development.
You can list your company's product or tool in the AdaIC's Products
and Tools database by filling out a submission form -- found on the
AdaIC Web site at
http://archive.adaic.com/docs/flyers/forms/tool_entry_form.shtml
or send e-mail detailing the product along with your company's
point-of-contact, phone number, fax, e-mail, and address to:
adainfo@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us.
<
>
What kind of tools are available?
Tool Category # of Ada 95 tools
Development environments 43
Bindings 28
Interface/graphics/animation builders 14
Source-code translators 13
Libraries/repositories 11
Metric-analyzer tools 7
Documentation generators 7
Design-analysis tools 7
Cross-compilation/development tools 7
Reverse-engineering tools 6
Project-management tools 4
Simulation testing tools 3
Data-conversion/file-translation tools 1
DBMS tools 1
\\Memorandum Gives Guidance&&
<>
ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF DEFENSE
6000 DEFENSE PENTAGON
WASHINGTON, DC 20301-6000
COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND INTELLIGENCE
April 29, 1997
Memorandum for Secretaries of the Military Departments
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
Under Secretaries of Defense
Director, Defense Research and Engineering
Assistant Secretaries of Defense
Inspector General of the Department of Defense
Assistants to the Secretary of Defense
Director, Administration and Management
Director, Operational Test and Evaluation
Directors of the Defense Agencies
Directors of the DOD Field Activities
SUBJECT: Use of the Ada Programming Language
Last year, I asked the National Academy of Sciences' National Research
Council Computer Science and Telecommunications Board to study the
Department of Defense (DOD) software policies. After carefully
reviewing and considering the Board's final report, I have directed my
staff to undertake the necessary actions to revise the policy
contained in DOD Directive 3405.1, "Computer Programming Language
Policy," to eliminate the mandatory requirement for use of the Ada
programming language in favor of an engineering approach to selection
of the language to be used. Additionally, DOD 5000.2-R, "Mandatory
Procedures for Major Defense Acquisition Programs (MDAPs) and Major
Automated Information System (MAIS) Acquisition Programs," will be
revised consistent with those changes.
In the interim, pending formal coordination of the necessary
revisions, programming language selections should be made in the
context of the system and software engineering factors that influence
overall life-cycle costs, risks, and potential for interoperability.
As appropriate, these selections may be reviewed during
milestone/system approval processes. Among the factors that should be
considered and appropriately documented in the decision process are:
* system/software requirements, including performance,
interoperability, reliability, safety, and security requirements;
* system/software architecture, including partitioning into
components;
* extent of compliance with/incorporation of other related direction
(e.g., use of standards such as the Joint Technical Architecture, open
systems, and commercial-off-the-shelf software) and the impact
thereof;
* selection of software development and support methodologies and
processes;
* use of software development and support tools and generators;
* long-term maintenance implications, including evolvability and
supportability; and
* integration of software issues and decisions with other planning
considerations to include cost, schedule, acquisition strategy and
staffing.
Ada should be one of the languages considered in this decision
process; however, Ada waiver requests are no longer required when
another language is selected.
My point of contact for this action is Ms. Linda Brown, who is
assigned to my Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command,
Control and Communications, (703) 604-1590, e-mail:
Linda.Brown@osd.pentagon.mil, or Mr. Samuel Worthington, (703)
604-1584.
/s/
Emmett Paige, Jr.
\\Letter from the AJPO&&
<>
I continue to applaud Mr. Paige's bold decision to end the Ada Mandate
and implement the remaining recommendations of the National Research
Council (NRC) report. If you have not yet read the NRC report, I
would urge you to do so. You can link to an on-line version via the
AdaIC Web page
(http://archive.adaic.com/docs/present/nrc/).
<>
The NRC's solid explanation of and support for Ada's reliability and
suitability for warfighting software must not be ignored. Ada should
be used where it makes engineering sense. In military applications,
reliability makes engineering sense. For military systems with
twenty-year-plus lifecycles, a maintainable language is essential.
Ada will prevail where engineering factors are part of the decision
process.
<>
Make no mistake, war is about killing people and breaking things.
Military weapons systems are designed to be lethal and must be
reliably controlled. Unreliable military software is frightening. We
often hear of Ada's strong typing. An implicit type conversion that
results in a 1 degree rounding error will, at a range of 40
kilometers, put ordnance 700 meters off target. In a close combat
situation, a 700-meter error can result in friendly casualties.
Reliability is important. I don't want to have to tell a Gold Star
Mother that her son or daughter was killed by friendly fire due to a
software error. The fact that this software was procured using "best
commercial practices" and was determined to be "good enough" for
military use is likely to be of small comfort. Military software is a
life-or-death proposition. People who don't understand this should
not be in the business.
I would stress that during my tenure at the AJPO I have never received
any engineering-based complaint about Ada. The solid work done by the
Ada vendor community has done an effective job of silencing critics
who have complained about Ada compilers. One objection that is often
parroted is the complaint about "lack of tools." I have been unable
to get the complainants to state exactly what "tools" are lacking.
The Ada Resource Association has also aggressively sought to find out.
The reality is that high-level languages require fewer tools than
low-level languages. Another complaint is that there are "no Ada
programmers." It is well known that there is currently a serious
shortage of skilled software personnel. Any hard-skill computer
scientist can pick up Ada very quickly.
<>
Contrary to many people's perception, Ada is a very easy language to
learn. At Tri-Ada '97, hard data will be presented to demonstrate
this. A controlled experiment conducted at the United States Military
Academy shows that students can go further, faster in Ada than in
Pascal, a language specifically designed for educational use.
I would like to encourage everyone in the Ada community to attend
Tri-Ada '97. Noted Ada author Norman Cohen has done an outstanding
job putting together a very strong technical program. Given the
policy changes this year, results from the educational community, and
progress in industry, this year promises to be one of the most
productive Tri-Ada's ever, covering each of Tri-Ada's three
constituent groups: government, industry, and education.
<>
Our biggest challenge comes from the "magazine management crowd" who
base what should be engineering decisions on what they read in popular
computer trade journals. Unfortunately, some of these journals
continue to publish wildly inaccurate information about Ada and the
Ada Program. That being said, I would like to thank the reporters who
have taken the time to contact the AJPO to check facts or ask
questions.
As a former journalist myself and a currently active researcher, I
have great respect for journalists who take the time to go to primary
sources for their information, and I thank them for their trouble. I
also appreciate the many members of the Ada community who have brought
these erroneous articles to my attention and have taken it upon
themselves to fight some of this misinformation that has grown into a
mythology of its own.
<>
As of this writing, I am preparing to return to the faculty of the
United States Military Academy. Once again, the future of the AJPO is
in doubt. Decisions still have to be made regardingthe funding of the
NRC recommendations for DOD support to the Ada infrastructure. In
this respect, the Ada program is no different than most other Defense
programs these days. Given current funding constraints, many critical
programs are living a day-to-day existence.
<>
In my view, maintaining a consistent, fair, and stable compiler
validation process remains one of our highest priorities. Another
critical mission is U.S. representation on the various national and
international standards bodies. I see these tasks continuing
uninterrupted regardless of funding constraints.
<>
The Ada community is a great community, and the greatest aspect of
this assignment has been interacting with the many selfless Ada
volunteers. The government and contract personnel of the AJPO have
made this a delightful assignment. I would particularly like to thank
Rear Admiral John A. Gauss for his inspiring leadership, keen
insights, and for the freedom and support he gave me while serving at
the AJPO.
<>
Inside the Beltway, there is no stopping a catchy analogy. Ada is
often compared to Betamax VCRs. The analogy being that there is no
question of the technical superiority of the Beta format over VHS, yet
Beta format VCRs failed to capture the consumer market. Like many
analogies, this does not go far enough. In fact, Beta format VCRs
continue to be used by video professionals specifically because of the
technical superiority of the Beta format. Just because Blockbuster
doesn't stock Beta format videotapes doesn't impact on the engineering
decisions made by video professionals.
Military software is not the same as consumer software. You cannot
buy "off-the-shelf" fire-control systems. Ada was designed to build
software to military specifications. Where reliability counts and
where software engineering considerations factor into project
management, Ada will continue to thrive.
John A. Hamilton, Jr.
Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army
Chief, Ada Joint Program Office
\\Ada 95 Demo Combines Java Bytecode and Distributed Processing on the
Web&&
To support the warfighter, the Department of Defense (DOD) must move
increasingly into systems of communications, data processing, and
personal interaction that are seamlessly integrated in real time
across great distances and across disparate hardware and software
systems. The Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating
Environment (DII COE) is intended to provide a framework for that
integration.
In the general marketplace, the World Wide Web has shown the resources
that can be accessed over the Internet; Sun's Java programming
language is designed to permit the Web's processing power to grow even
faster. Java bytecode runs on the huge number of enduser platforms,
not the limited number of Web hosts.
Looking, then, at the variety of needs and technologies, the Ada 95
programming language is uniquely positioned to meet those needs and to
maximize use of those technologies. Ada 95's Annex E provides the
mechanism for distributed processing. Java's semantic similarity to
Ada made it straightforward to develop a compiler that produces
bytecode indistinguishable from that provided by Java. (See {AdaIC
News}, Winter 1996-1997. "Ada Java Compiler Released", which
describes the Appletmagic compiler developed by Intermetrics, Inc.)
One natural combination, therefore, is endusers/clients running Java
bytecode generated from Ada 95 source code, and a host/distributed
server using Ada 95's Annex E distribution mechanism internally.
Both these technologies have been discussed within the DII community.
Until recently, though, neither had been demonstrated in live
software, nor had the two been combined in a single client/server
demonstration. To meet this need, the Ada Joint Program Office (AJPO)
sponsored a successful demonstration project -- the GCCS Ada 95 Client
Demo Applet.
Developed by CACI, Inc., it is now available on the Web. You can link
to it via http://archive.adaic.com/.
The prototype client/server pair demonstrates the use of two new
technologies within a context similar to that of the DII COE. For a
bare-bones example, developers chose the sort of application that
might be built on top of the DII Global Command and Control
System/Global Combat Support System COE (DII GCCS/GCSS COE). For this
demo's prototype client/server pair, they chose to simulate a
hypothetica command, control, communications, computers, and
intelligence (C4I) application.
The prototype has been successfully demonstrated on Sun Sparcstation
server hardware with no COE present, and on PC (Windows 95 and NT),
Macintosh, and Sun client hardware. At CACI, the server ran on three
Sun Workstations as a single distributed Ada 95 program. The client
software was written in Ada 95 and compiled with the Intermetrics
AppletMagic(tm) compiler. The generated Java bytecode runs on any Java
Virtual Machine (JVM) -- for example, a Java-enabled Web browser such
as Netscape 3.x, the Microsoft Internet Explorer 3.x, or a JVM Applet
Viewer. Suitable hardware could be a Sun, a Macintosh, a PC running
Windows NT 4.0, or a PC running Windows 95).
<>
The client/server pair provides basic functionality in simulating
simplified information on enemy troop locations and troop types with
which a commander might be presented during a battle. This
information is gathered from three "sensors" (implemented as simple
software simulations) in near real-time and displayed as standard
military icons on a simulated texture map. The system allows multiple
clients to connect to the server simultaneously. All clients observe
the same battlefield. Each receives the same set of sensor
observations, so all client displays will be identical.
The client software initially displays a login screen. Once the user
presses the login button, the client connects to the server and begins
the download and display of the data.
The client software displays an icon representing each observed enemy
on a pseudo-map. The icons are color coded to correspond with each
sensor (ground => blue, air => red, satellite => yellow). Each type
of unit is represented by the standard military icons. As each
"sensor" observes the units, the new data is sent to the client. The
client applet then continuously updates the display with the new data.
Once the user selects "quit" from the menu or closes the map window,
the client disconnects from the server. The user is then presented
with the login screen again.
<>
The prototype has successfully shown some of the benefits of the JVM
for the DII environment:
* {Client neutrality:} The client software will run (without change)
on Sun/Solaris, Macintosh/System 7.5.5, PC/Windows NT 4.0, and
PC/Windows 95 environments. (Observed differences in client software
behavior for identical .class files appear to be due to differences in
JVM implementations. In this respect, the behavior of the Ada 95
client is no different than a Java client -- it runs identically on
different machines within the known differences/bugs present on those
JVM implementations.)
* {No physical distribution and/or installation of client software:}
The demonstration application will run on any machine preconfigured
with a Java-enabled Web browser. There is no need to supply users
with a disk containing client software; and, therefore, no user-run
installation of client software.
It has also shown a strong advantage of the Ada 95 Annex E
distributed-programming approach:
* {Scalability:} The server software is able to be configured and run
on anywhere from 1 to 5 Sun systems. Repartitioning the distributed
server system does not require any changes to the software. It
requires only a simple edit of the .cfg file and re-running of the
partitioning tool. Of course, the ability to distribute the server
over multiple machines affords corresponding performance gains with no
Ada 95 source-code modifications.
(Instant update of clients is one other benefit of Java bytecode and
the Ada 95 Distributed Annex, but is not currently demonstrated at
this time: If the demonstration application is updated from v1.0 to
v.1.1, then all clients automatically run the latest version the next
time they launch their Web browser.)
<>
All new software written for the prototype was written in Ada 95. The
server software was compiled with the GNU Ada Translator (GNAT v3.09)
from Ada Core Technologies and the GNAT implementation of the
Distributed Systems Annex (GLADE 1.01) for Sun Sparc running Solaris
2.5. The client software was compiled using Intermetrics AppletMagic
compiler v1.38 for Macintosh. The client software makes extensive use
of the standard Java toolkits and libraries via the Ada 95 bindings
supplied with AppletMagic.
Once the sensor server has been launched, one or more clients may
connect to it. Both the HTML server (providing the Web page and the
downloadable Java-bytecode client applet) and the Sensor Server
application must be hosted on the same machine. This is due to a
"limitation" of the security software that is part of the Java Virtual
Machine. A Web-based applet (client) is allowed to open up a network
connection only to the same host machine from which the applet was
downloaded (that is, the HTML server).
<>
The technical success of this prototype opens up the possibility for
further investigation of the areas in which these technologies may be
applied. It demonstrates Ada 95's ability to provide these benefits
to the DII.
\\{AdaIC News} to go electronic-only&&
This, the Fall issue, is the next-to-the-last issue of the {AdaIC
News} that will be published and mailed to subscribers in hardcopy
form. Beginning in 1998, the {AdaIC News} will be available only on
the Internet and World Wide Web, with summaries available through
electronic mail.
<>
{On the Web:} The current and past issues of the newsletter are
available on the Ada Information Clearinghouse's Web site at
http://archive.adaic.com/news/Newsletter/
{Via e-mail:} The AdaIC is establishing a separate e-mail list for
those wishing to receive a summary of the AdaIC automatically each
quarter. To subscribe, send an e-mail message to
listproc@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us
with
subscribe adaicnews
as the body of the text. (No signatures please.)
{Dial-up:} For those with a modem but not Internet or Web access, the
AdaIC Web site can also be reached by direct dial-up. The telephone
number is 703/681-2845. Contact the AdaIC for access instructions.
<>
{This} issue will be the last hardcopy version mailed to readers
outside the United States. The upcoming (Winter 1997-1998) issue will
be the last one sent to U.S. readers, and is scheduled to be mailed
around the turn of the year.
{If you have any questions, please feel free to contact the AdaIC.}
Ada Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 1866
Falls Church, VA 22041
tel: 703/681-2466; 800/232-4211
fax: 703/681-2869
Web: http://archive.adaic.com
e-mail: adainfo@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us
\\AJPO Summer Intern&&
The Ada Joint Program Office welcomed a summer intern, Cadet Stephen
Hamilton, a Computer Science major from the U.S. Military Academy.
While at the AJPO, he significantly increased the AJPO's multimedia
technical presentation capabilities.
He also increased the AJPO's understanding of the impact of supporting
the teaching of Ada at West Point. Cadet Hamilton, like all cadets at
West Point and the Air Force Academy, has received AJPO-supported Ada
instruction. He is a strong supporter of Ada -- and his own
performance shows its benefits.
\\Plug and Play for the Warfighter&&
The Defense Information Infrastructure Common Operating Environment
(DII COE) provides a foundation for building open systems. It is a
"plug and play" open architecture designed around a client/server
model. The DII COE model is analogous to the Microsoft Windowsr
paradigm. It provides a standard environment, a set of standard
off-the-shelf components, and a set of programming standards that
describe how to add new functionality to the environment. The DII COE
is designed to run on PCs and workstations; it extends the Windows
paradigm, which allows applications to coexist, by providing the
capability for mission applications to share data and
services/functions at the server level. Thus, the DII COE allows for
true integration of open systems.
This article provides an introduction to the DII COE. It includes
background on the COE; information on currently available versions of
the COE; and instructions for ordering a copy; as well as pointers to
the wealth of resources available to software developers who are
interested in using the COE.
<>
The DII COE concept originated in the early to mid 1990s with a simple
observation about the Department of Defense's (DOD's) command and
control (C2) systems: Certain functions (mapping, track management,
communications interfaces, etc.) are so fundamental that they are
required for virtually every C2 systems. In "old" DOD software
development environments, developers were building these common
functions from scratch for every system. Each developer implemented
the functions differently, which led to incompatibility between the
systems. Thus, while most of the production systems used by the DOD
had similar functions, they could not easily interoperate with each
other. Also, the DOD was investing a great deal of time and money in
rebuilding the same functions.
In planning for building the replacement for one of the most critical
C2 systems, the World-Wide Military Command and Control System
(WWMCCS), the DOD evaluated several architectures with the goal of
selecting a system architecture that would be able to easily take
advantage of emerging commercial products and standards.
The Global Command and Control System (GCCS), which has replaced the
WWMCCS, is built upon an open architecture that both meets the DOD's
unique functional needs (the GCCS systems architecture) and provides
for interoperabilty with other systems (the GCCS COE technical
architecture). The open/technical architecture developed for GCCS
provided the baseline for the DII COE.
Longer term development of the COE is being managed by the Defense
Information Systems Agency's Joint Interoperability and Engineering
Organization (DISA/JIEO); development is being driven by the
requirements of major efforts such as: GCCS; Command, Control,
Computers, Communications and Intelligence (C4I) for the Warrior;
logistics support systems for the DOD's Global Combat Support System
(GCSS), and financial support systems for electronic
commerce/electronic data interchange (EC/EDI).
<>
The DII COE concept encompasses the following:
* an architecture and approach for building interoperable systems;
* an infrastructure for supporting mission area applications;
* a rigorous definition of the runtime execution environment;
* a rigorous set of requirements for achieving COE compliance;
* an automated toolset for enforcing COE principles and measuring COE
compliance;
* an automated process for software integration;
* a collection of implemented, reusable software components;
* an approach and methodology for software reuse;
* a collection of application program interfaces (APIs) for accessing
COE components.
Figure 1 on the previous page provides a view of the DII COE and the
relationship to COE-based systems.
The shaded box illustrates the two types of reusable software that the
applications may access through APIs: COE components and the operating
system.
<>
The DII COE is being designed to be hardware independent; it will
operate on a range of operating systems running under standards-based
systems. DISA is developing DII COE implementations based on user
requirements.
Currently, DISA has developed versions of the COE for Windows NT 3.5.1
and 4.0, and for a variety of flavors of Unix, including Solaris and
HP. Also, beta versions are available for IBM AIX and Digital Unix.
To obtain your copy of the COE, see the sidebar at the right.
<>
The DII COE listserv provides a moderated forum for COE developers.
Messages are sent and received through the user's ordinary e-mail
service. For those who do not wish to subscribe to the listserv,
messages may be viewed through an organized archive on the CSEIC Web
site at:
http://sw-eng.falls-church.va.us/cseic/listserv/maillist.html
To subscribe to the DII COE Listserv, send a message to:
listproc@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us
In the body of the message, write:
subscribe diicoe
\\Saving money, code, with the COE&&
Software developers are proving that cost savings can be achieved by
using the COE. Col David L. Chadwick, Commander, Marine Corps
Tactical Systems Support Activity (MCTSSA) returned $5 million to the
General Fund after completing a successful reengineering project. In
this case, the activity reengineered and segmented three legacy
systems (6-22 years old) that had a total of 200,000 source lines of
C/C++ code.
The reengineering process of the systems involved three major steps:
1) stripping out any COE-redundant configuration items;
2) parsing remaining code into segments; and
3) converting all relational database management system calls to SQL
calls.
(MCTSSA's success has already been covered in the general press; see
{Government Computer News}, vol. 15, no. 11, 5/27/96.)
\\DOD Policy/Guidance for COE Usage&&
All of the DOD's emerging C4I systems and system upgrades will be
segmented for the DII COE, according to an August 22, 1996, DOD policy
memo issued by Paul G. Kaminski, Under Secretary of Defense
(Acquisition and Technology (USD (A&T)), and Emmett Paige, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary of Defense (Command, Control, Communications and
Intelligence) (ASD (C3I)). This memorandum mandates the use of the
DOD's Joint Technical Architecture (JTA), which references the DII COE
as, "the specific COE implementation that will continue to evolve in
compliance with all applicable JTA specifications, standards, and
source references." The JTA, which is being coordinated by DISA,
identifies a common set of mandatory information technology standards
and guidelines to be used in all C4I systems and the interfaces of C4I
systems with other key assets. (Note: The DII COE is a specific
implementation of the COE technical architecture specified by the
JTA.)
\\Online with COE&&
<>
DISA has developed a wealth of technical documentation and information
about the COE. The Computer Systems Engineering Information
Clearinghouse (CSEIC) has organized DII COE information and provides a
full-text-search tool for general COE documentation on its DII COE
home page (http://sw-eng.falls-church.va.us/coe/docs/). General COE
documentation is also available in HTML, PDF, and MS Word format.
DISA has also established a hotline (1-800/738-7379) where users and
prospective users can get general as well as technical information.
<>
Software developers may request a copy of the DII COE by sending
electronic mail to the appropriate sponsor:
* {Army:} chslib@doim6.monmouth.army.mil
* {Navy/USMC:} navy_coe@smtp-gw.spawar.navy.mil
* {Air Force:} sullivang@hanscom.af.mil
* {DISA/Other:} Complete the form found on the World Wide Web at:
http://164.117.48.247/Tango/tango.acgi$/CMDBTango/POCSearch.qry?function=form
This can also be found under configuration management on DISA's COE
Web site: http://spider.osfl.disa.mil/dii/
* {GCSS Developers:} gcssdctf@slidell.disa.mil
* {Intel:} hardgetl@emh-497ig.bolling.af.mil
\\Tri-Ada '97 to Emphasize Ada Diversity, Present Expert Speakers&&
The 12th Annual Tri-Ada Conference will be held November 9-13, 1997 at
the Adam's Mark Hotel in Saint Louis, Mo. Hosted by the Association
of Computing Machinery's Special Interest Group on Ada (ACM SIGAda),
Tri-Ada is a major forum for bringing together professionals in the
fields of software engineering, object technology, software quality,
reuse, testing, education and training, and acquisition. The theme
for this year's conference is "Cost-Effective, Quality Software
Systems: Preparing for the Next Century".
Tri-Ada '97 will be a week of technical papers, keynote presentations,
experience reports, workshops, interactive panels, exhibits, posters,
demonstrations, educational symposia, birds-of-a-feather sessions,
along with an exceptional tutorial program and opportunities to
mingle. This year's conference will emphasize the diversity of Ada
applications and support throughout government, industry, and academic
domains, nationally and internationally.
A wide range of panels and tutorials are scheduled for Tri-Ada '97.
Among the panels will be future directions for Ada bindings and
related standards; AdaSAGE and software reuse; Ada and Java; and the
future of programming languages in the next century. Tutorials range
from CORBA, to Java for Ada 95 programmers, to Ada 95 object-oriented
programming guidelines, among others.
Tri-Ada '97 will also present some of the leading experts in software
engineering. Scheduled speakers include former Assistant Secretary of
Defense for C3I, Emmett Paige, Jr.; John B. Goodenough, Chief
Technical Officer of the Software Engineering Institute; Edward F.
Miller of Software Research, Inc.; and two former AJPO Chiefs, LTC
John A. Hamilton and Charles B. Engle.
In addition to their tradition of refereed papers, panel sessions, and
excellent tutorials, Tri-Ada '97 is seeking to expand conference
activities to include tracks for government attendees, and sessions
for the less experienced programmers.
Once again, Tri-Ada will serve as the largest Ada exhibition in the
world. Over 100 companies will be demonstrating their latest tools
and compilers for Ada 95. At Tri-Ada '96 in Philadelphia, over 600
attendees attended technical sessions, visited exhibits, and exchanged
idea with other Ada professionals from around the world.
For most up to date information about Tri-Ada '97, visit the Tri-Ada
'97 Web site at http://www.acm.org/sigada/Tri-Ada/ta97.htm or call
1-800/338-5365.
\\WAdaS '97 Plans for Future&&
The 14th Annual Washington Ada Symposium (WAdaS '97) was held June
23-26 at the McLean Hilton in McLean, Va. The conference, sponsored
by the Washington, D.C. chapter of SIGAda, was highlighted by speeches
by LTC John A. Hamilton, Jr., USA, Chief of the Ada Joint Program
Office (AJPO); former AJPO Chief Dr. Charles B. Engle; Ada 95 designer
S. Tucker Taft; and GNU Ada 95 Translator (GNAT) expert Robert Dewar.
WAdaS '97 provided two days of tutorials and workshops followed by the
two-day conference. In addition, ACM SIGAda held their day long
Long-Range Planning Meeting in conjunction with the conference.
The final two days of WAdaS were devoted to speeches and conference
sessions. LTC Hamilton's keynote address provided the audience with
an up-to-the-minute status on Ada and the future of the AJPO. Dr.
Engle's speech gave attendees a view from the outside on Ada and the
Ada community. Mr. Taft discussed the business and technical case for
building critical systems in Ada 95; and Dr. Dewar gave his views on
the Ada compiler industry and the future of Ada.
In addition to the daily speeches, sessions were held on the following
topics: Ada 95 Early Adopters, Ada 95 and Java, Ada and Education,
ASIS, Ada Common Environment, and Ada 95 and Distributed Systems.
Also held during the conference portion of WAdaS was a
mini-exhibition. Several Ada vendors set up exhibit booths and
displayed their latest products. This year's exhibitors included the
AdaIC, SIGAda, Rational Software, Inc., AAI Corporation, Ada Core
Technologies, Objective Interface Systems, Green Hills Software, OC
Systems, Mark V Systems, Aonix, DDC-I, Lockheed Martin Idaho
Technologies Company, and NASA Goddard Flight Dynamics Division.
If you would like to obtain a copy of the proceedings from WAdaS '97,
contact the Ada Information Clearinghouse at 1-800-232-4211 or e-mail
to: adainfo@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us.
\\Software Engineering Calendar&&
Call the AdaIC for further information on these conferences, seminars,
and work-shops, or check out the Web page at
http://archive.adaic.com. And let us know if your
organization is sponsoring an event!
(Report of a product, service, or event is for information purposes
only and does not constitute an endorsement by the Ada Information
Clearinghouse or the Ada Joint Program Office.)
<>
November 2-5
San Francisco, CA
714/778-3230
<>
November 2-5
Monterey, CA
408/756-6196
<>
12th IEEE International Conference; Formerly the Knowledge-Based
Software Engineering Conference [KBSE]
November 3-5
Hyatt Regency Lake Tahoe; Incline Village, NV
402/472-8394
<>
November 9-13
Adam's Mark Hotel; Saint Louis, MO
919/419-8242, ext. 15
<>
Co-operation and Business opportunities for Eastern/Western European
Countries in the IT field. Practical Improvement of Software
Processes and Products
November 10-12
Hotel Flamenco; Budapest, Hungary
+353 1 286 1583
<>
November 16-21
San Jose, CA
510/294-2628
<>
November 17
San Jose Convention Center; San Jose, CA
603/646-2417; 847/467-4129
<>
December 1-3
Research Triangle Park, NC
e-mail: mark@cs.clemson.edu; conte@eos.ncsu.edu; alexe@eos.ncsu.edu
<>
December 2-5
Hong Kong
e-mail: apsec@comp.hkbu.edu.hk
<<22nd Annual Software Engineering Workshop>>
December 3-4
Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt, MD
301/286-6347
<>
December 8-9
Radisson Plaza Hotel; Alexandria, VA
703/768-0400
<>
December 18-21
Bangalore, India
fax: 213/740-4418; e-mail: balki@serc.iisc.ernet.in
<>
January 19-23
908/582-7691
<>
February 27-March 1
Atlanta, GA
405/744-5221
<>
March 1-5
412/624-6094
<>
March 5
Clearwater Beach, FL
630/979-0042
<>
March 9-12
Hyatt Regency Hotel; Chicago, IL
412/268-3007
<>
March 24-26
Washington Convention Center; Washington, DC
800/791-3673
<>
on Research in Computational Molecular Biology
March 28-April 1
212/241-5777
<>
March 30-April 3
The Maaleh Hachamisha Kibbutz Hotel; Jerusalem, Israel
+972-2-6520574
<>
April 6-10
Colorado Springs, CO
<>
April 19-24
http://www.stsc.hill.af.mil/stc/
<>
April 19-25
Kyoto, Japan
+81-6-850-6570,6571
<>
April 1-5
University of Geneva; Geneva, Switzerland
http://www.ippsxx.org/ipps97/index.html
<<5th International Conference on Software Reuse>>
June 2-5
Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
E-mail: edwards@vtops.cs.vt.edu
<>
June 7-9
612/625-7338
<>
June 15-19
804/982-2200
<>
October 18-22
604/361-2695
*The AdaIC will have an exhibit.
We sometimes have free passes to conference exhibit areas where the
AdaIC will have an exhibit. Feel free to call and ask for available
passes.
\\Ada usage survey form&&
Please mail or fax to:
Ada Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 1866
Falls Church, VA 22041
Fax: 703/681-2869
You can help us keep our information resources up to date by filling
out
this form and mailing it or faxing it to the AdaIC.
Please complete and mail back to the Ada Information Clearinghouse.
Date of Survey:
The Project:
Acronym:
Project Name:
Project URL:
Project Description:
Developing Organization:
Name:
URL:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
Point of Contact:
Code/Building:
Phone Number:
Fax Number:
E-Mail:
Sponsoring Organization:
Name:
URL:
Address:
City, State, Zip:
Contract Number (if applicable):
Point of Contact:
Code/Building:
Phone Number:
Fax Number:
E-Mail:
Project background:
___ No previous system existed
___ Old system existed in different language
___ Modification/upgrade of existing system
Software system to be used within: (check one)
___ Army
___ Navy
___ Marine Corps
___ Air Force
___ Coast Guard
___ Other DOD
___ Non-DOD Government
___ Commercial
___ Academia
___ Outside U.S.
Software Functions: (check all that apply)
___ Automated Test Equipment
___ Avionics
___ Command and Control
___ Communications/Telecommunications
___ Financial
___ Intelligence
___ Logistics System
___ Management Information System
___ Process Control
___ Robotics
___ Scientif Data Processing
___ Simulation
___ Systems Software
___ Training
___ Weapons System
Your affiliation to the project:
(check the one most applicable)
___ Manager
___ Developer
___ End-User
Lessons Learned/Comments:
System Technologies:
(check all that apply)
___ Artificial Intelligence
___ Batch Processing
___ Client/Server
___ Database
___ Expert System
___ Graphics/Animation/Image Processing
___ High Reliability/Dependability
___ Interactive Processing
___ Multi-Media
___ Neural Network
___ Real-Time
___ Security
___ Other:
Host System
Hardware Architecture:
___ Mainframes
___ Minicomputers
___ Workstations
___ Microcomputers
Operating Systems and Environments:
Target System
Hardware Architecture:
___ Mainframes
___ Minicomputers
___ Workstations
___ Microcomputers
Operating Systems and Environments:
Compiler used:
Tool(s) used:
Definition of SLOC (Source Lines of Code):
___ Non-commented, non-blank lines
___ All lines (includes commented lines)
___ Terminal semicolons
___ Other:
Total number of SLOC
Completed:
Predicted:
Breakdown of developing languages
(Total = 100%)
Ada:
Other languages:
Breakdown of software source
(Total = 100%)
Externally developed commercial packages (COTS):
Externally developed government packages (GOTS):
Internally developed new packages:
Internally developed reusable packages:
Division of project labor
# of people Average years experience
Project Manager/Task Leader
System Engineer/System Analyst
Software Designer/Data Analyst
Programmer/Test Engineer
Q&A Personnel/Configuration
Management Personnel
Estimated program costs
To Date: $____________ Overall: $
Software Development Expenditure (Total = 100%)
In-house development:
In-house maintenance:
Outsource/Contract development:
Outsource/Contract maintenance:
Project Lifecycle Status: (check one)
___ Requirement
___ Design
___ Code/Test
___ Integration/Test
___ Final Delivery/Maintenance
Development Approach: (check one)
___ Classic Method/"Waterfall" Model
___ Spiral Method/"Fountain" Model
Milestones: (include date and description)
Project Start:
System Design:
Implementation Complete:
Build, Release, or Version Delivery:
Project Complete:
System Development Techniques:
Analysis & Design Methods:
System Development Standard: (check one)
___ DOD-STD-2167A
___ DOD-STD-2168
___ DOD-STD-7935A
___ Mil-STD-499A
___ Mil-STD-498
___ None
___ Other:
Government Contract-Contractor CMM Maturity Level and Method
___ ISO 9000 certification
The contractor CMM Maturity level (1-5) was:
The CMM Maturity level was determined through:
(check one)
___ Formal internal assessment
___ Independent external assessment
___ Government Software Capability Evaluation
___ Other:
If old system exists, describe transitional method to new system:
(check one)
___ switch to new system and terminate old system simultaneously
___ begin operating the new system one module at a time
___ run old system and new system simultaneously until all the bugs
are corrected from new system
Will your organization be developing more Ada projects in the future?
___ Yes
___ No
___ Unknown
If reused software was utilized, how has it affected the development
schedule?
___ Lengthened
___ Shortened
___ No Effect
\\Reader survey&&
Tell us what you think!
1. In general, the AdaIC News is?
___ very valuable
___ valuable
___ somewhat valuable
___ not valuable
___ negative
___ no opinion
2. How many people other than yourself regularly read your copy of
the AdaIC News?
___ none
___ 1-5
___ 6-10
___ 11+
3. How many times have you passed along a copy or an article to
others who don't regularly see the AdaIC News?
___ several times in the past year
___ occasionally
___ seldom
___ never
4. What do you think of the AdaIC News's size?
___ too short
___ about right
___ too long
5. And its coverage of topics?
___ under reports important areas, for example,
_____________________________________
___ over reports certain areas, for example,
________________________________________
___ about right
6. Are there any other general comments you'd like to pass along?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
7. What would you like to see added to the newsletter or databases?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Mail to:
Ada Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 1866
Falls Church, VA 22041
This is a good time to check to see that your address is correct in
our database!
\\AdaIC News&&
The Ada Information Clearinghouse (AdaIC) publishes information on the
Ada community's events, working groups, research, publications, and
concerns. The AdaIC provides its services free of charge to the
governmental, academic, and commercial software communities.
This service is sponsored by the Defense Information Systems Agency's
Ada Joint Program Office (DOD/DISA/JIEO/CFCSE/AJPO), which facilitates
the implementation of the DOD's software initiative (Ada) throughout
the Services, and maintains the integrity of the language. IIT
Research Institute operates the AdaIC at the AJPO offices in Falls
Church, VA.
Ada Information Clearinghouse
P.O. Box 1866
Falls Church, VA 22041
Phone: 703/681-2466
1-800-AdaIC-11 (232-4211)
DSN: 761-2466
Fax: 703/681-2869
adainfo@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us
http://sw-eng.falls-church.va.us/
Ada Joint Program Office
Defense Information Systems Agency
Code JEXH
5600 Columbia Pike, Suite 364
Falls Church, VA 22041
Tel: 703/681-2466 DSN: 761-2466
The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those
of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official Agency
position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by other official
documentation.
Copyright 1997. IIT Research Institute.
All rights assigned to the U.S. Government (Ada Joint Program Office).
Permission to reprint this newsletter, in whole or in part, is
granted, provided the Ada Information Clearinghouse is acknowledged as
the source. If this newsletter is reprinted as part of a published
document, please send the AdaIC a courtesy copy of the publication.
The AdaIC is sponsored by the Ada Joint Program Office.
AdaIC News
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P.O. Box 1625
Idaho Falls, ID 83415-3779
OFFICIAL BUSINESS
ADDRESS CORRECTION REQUESTED
To change your address, please mail this panel with the updated
information to the AdaIC at P.O. Box 1866, Falls Church, VA 22041
U.S.A. Or send e-mail to adainfo@sw-eng.falls-church.va.us